Justia U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries
Articles Posted in August, 2012
United States v. Acosta-Sierra
Defendant, a fifty-seven-year-old native and citizen of Mexico who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, appealed from his conviction, following a bench trial, of two counts of assault on a federal officer. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed in part and affirmed in part, holding (1) the district court erred in its application of the "reasonable apprehension of harm" prong of common law assault, and because the evidence would have been sufficient to convicted Defendant of attempted battery if the district court had not relied on the erroneous model jury instruction then in effect, the judgment of conviction on the second count was reversed and remanded for retrial under the proper standard; (2) the district court did not err in precluding Defendant from introducing evidence as part of a diminished capacity defense; and (3) the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to admit mental health evidence in support of Defendant's theory of self-defense. View "United States v. Acosta-Sierra" on Justia Law
Aguilar-Turcios v. Holder
Petitioner, a native and citizen of Honduras and a lawful permanent resident alien of the United States, petitioned for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' (BIA) order dismissing his appeal from an immigration judge's order finding him removable as an alien convicted of an aggravated felony. At issue before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals was whether Petitioner's conviction under Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice qualified as an "aggravated felony" under the modified categorical approach as explained in the Court's recent en banc decision in United Sates v. Aguila-Montes de Oca. The Court granted the petition, concluding that Petitioner's Article 92 conviction was not an aggravated felony and Petitioner was therefore not removable. Remanded with instructions to vacate the removal order against Petitioner. View "Aguilar-Turcios v. Holder" on Justia Law
Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
In this case the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals noted, "This appeal reads like a telenovela, a Spanish soap opera. It pits music celebrities, who make money by promoting themselves, against a gossip magazine, that makes money by publishing celebrity photographs, with a paparazzo, who apparently stole the disputed pictures, stuck in the middle." Noelia Monge and Jorge Reynoso ("the couple"), Latin American celebrities, claimed that Maya Magazines, Inc. and Maya Publishing Group, LLC (collectively, "Maya") infringed their copyrights by publishing previously unpublished photos of their clandestine wedding in "TVNotas," a Spanish-language celebrity gossip magazine. The district court granted Maya summary judgment on the ground that publication of the images was fair use under the Copyright Act of 1976. The Ninth Circuit reversed, holding that Maya did not sustain its burden of establishing that its wholesale, commercial use of the previously unpublished photos constituted fair use, and thus, the district court should have granted the couple's summary judgment motion on this issue. Remanded. View "Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc." on Justia Law
Grand Canyon Trust v. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Grand Canyon Trust appealed the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) rejecting the Trust's claims alleging that Reclamation and FWS violated the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and the Administrative Procedure Act in the operation of the Glen Canyon Dam. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed as moot in part and affirmed in part, holding (1) several of the Trust's claims were moot; (2) Reclamation did not violate the ESA by not consulting with FWS before issuing each annual operating plan (AOP) for the Dam; and (3) Reclamation did not violate NEPA by not preparing an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement for each AOP. View "Grand Canyon Trust v. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation" on Justia Law
Tober v. Lang
Ariz. Rev. Stat. 33-1126(A)(6) and (7) allow a debtor in bankruptcy proceedings to exempt the cash surrender value of life insurance policies and proceeds of annuity contracts from the bankruptcy estate if the debtor names certain beneficiaries. Ronda Hummel and Joan Tober separately filed Chapter 7 petitions. Hummel claimed the three life insurance policies she owned were exempt, and Tober claimed the annuity she owned as exempt. Both debtors named their adult, non-dependent daughters as beneficiaries. The Chapter 7 Trustees in both cases objected to the claimed exemptions, arguing they did not apply because the named beneficiaries were not dependents of the debtors. The bankruptcy court overruled the Trustees' objection. On appeal, the bankruptcy appellate panel filed a single order for both cases and reversed, holding that the statutes required the named beneficiaries to be dependents for the exemption to apply. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, holding that as a matter of first impression in Arizona, the statutory text does not require a debtor's child to be a "dependent" to qualify for the exemption. Remanded. View "Tober v. Lang" on Justia Law
Posted in:
Bankruptcy, U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
Scotts Co., LLC v. Seeds, Inc.
The Scotts Company, an Ohio LLC, brought a diversity action against Seeds, Inc., a Washington corporation, in federal district court. Thereafter, Millhorn Farmers, Maple Leaf Farms, Mica Creek, and Tim Freeburg (Growers) sued Seeds and Scotts in Washington state court. Maple Leaf Farms and Mica Creek were Washington corporations, Millhorn Farms was an Idaho corporation, and Tim Freeburg was a citizen of Idaho. Scotts subsequently filed an amended complaint in federal court adding the Growers as defendants and seeking declaratory relief. The district court subsequently realigned the Growers and plaintiffs and Seeds and Scotts as defendants and held, alternatively, that it would stay the federal proceedings in favor of the related state court proceedings under either the Brillhart doctrine or the Colorado River doctrine. Because the parties' realignment resulted in the absence of complete diversity of citizenship between defendant Seeds and newly-aligned plaintiffs-Growers, the district court dismissed the action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the district court should not have declined to entertain the claim for declaratory relief under the Brillhart doctrine, and instead, the claims should have been evaluated under the Colorado River doctrine. Remanded. View "Scotts Co., LLC v. Seeds, Inc." on Justia Law
Rodriguez v. Disner
These thirteen consolidated appeals brought by class counsel and six groups of objectors (collectively, Objectors) challenged the district court's decisions regarding attorney fee awards after the settlement of an antitrust class action against West Publishing Corp. and Kaplan, Inc. In this opinion, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals addressed nine separate appeals challenging the propriety of the district court's decision to deny attorneys' fees to class counsel McGuireWoods on account of a conflict of interest and to deny fees to objectors for their efforts in securing that decision. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that because the district court's decisions were not legally erroneous, the respective fee orders were affirmed, with the exception of the order denying fees to the Schneider Objectors, which the Court vacated and remanded for further proceedings.
View "Rodriguez v. Disner" on Justia Law
Mojica v. Holder
Petitioner petitioned for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' (BIA) order upholding an immigration judge's denial of cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. 1229b(a). In the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals' original decision, the Court relied on Mercado-Zazueta v. Holder to hold that Petitioner could impute her father's legal status to herself to meet the five-year lawful permanent residence requirement under section 1229b(a)(1). The Supreme Court vacated the Ninth Circuit's decision and remanded for reconsideration in light of Holder v. Martinez Gutierrez. On remand, the Ninth Circuit upheld the BIA's decision to deny cancellation of removal, holding (1) because Mercado-Zazueta was no longer valid precedent on the issue of imputation under section 1229b, Petitioner's imputation argument making use of her father's lawful permanent residence failed; and (2) Petitioner, on her own, lacked the requisite lawful permanent residence. View "Mojica v. Holder" on Justia Law
Posted in:
Immigration Law, U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
Chaudry v. Astrue
Appellant applied for Social Security benefits, alleging that he became unable to walk because of a disability in 2005. Appellant's claim was denied in 2008. The ALJ held a hearing at Appellant's request and determined that Appellant's impairments notwithstanding, Appellant had the capacity to perform light work with specified limitations. The ALJ then concluded that Appellant was not disabled as defined in the Social Security Act. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the ALJ's determination, holding (1) the ALJ conducted a full and fair hearing; (2) the ALJ properly documented his analysis of Appellant's psychiatric impairments, and his analysis was supported by the record; and (3) the ALJ's interpretation of the medical evidence was supported by the record, as was his credibility determination.
View "Chaudry v. Astrue" on Justia Law
Posted in:
Public Benefits, U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
United States v. Henry
Defendant appealed his conviction for illegal possession of a homemade machine gun under 18 U.S.C. 922(o). Defendant contended (1) he had a Second Amendment right to possess a homemade machine gun in his home, and (2) Congress did not have the power to enact section 922(o)'s prohibition against possessing machine guns pursuant to the powers delegated to it in the Commerce Clause. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed Defendant's conviction, holding (1) machine guns are "dangerous and unusual weapons" that are unprotected by the Second Amendment; and (2) Defendant's second argument failed because the Court already held in United States v. Stewart that the Commerce Clause authorizes section 922(o)'s machine gun possession ban. View "United States v. Henry" on Justia Law